Birthright citizenship. On his first day back Trump signed Executive Order 14160, denying citizenship to U.S.-born children of parents here illegally or temporarily. On 30 June 2026 the Court struck it down. Roberts wrote that such children are “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States and citizens at birth under the 14th Amendment. Justices Thomas, Alito and Gorsuch dissented. [1][2]
The National Guard. In October 2025 Trump federalized Guard troops to send into Chicago. In December the Court refused to let them deploy, saying the statute he used likely requires that the president be unable to enforce the law with the regular military, a high bar given the Posse Comitatus Act. [3]
Independent agencies. On 29 June 2026 the Court ruled 6–3 in Trump v. Slaughter that Congress could not protect FTC commissioners from being fired at will, a major expansion of presidential control. The same day it let Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook, whom Trump had tried to fire over mortgage-fraud allegations she denies, stay in her job for now, treating the Fed as different. [4][5][6]
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