COMPLETE STATIC READING EDITION
Sixty words of war powers, and the link to Saddam Hussein that was never there
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The law behind two decades of war.
Public Law 107-40, passed a week after the attacks, authorizes the use of armed forces “against those responsible for the recent attacks.” [1]
Brown University’s Costs of War project estimates that more than 940,000 people were killed by direct violence in the post-9/11 wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen and Pakistan from 2001 to 2023. [2]
What we can’t tell you. Death tolls in war zones are estimates and the project’s methods are its own.
What the intelligence said before and after the war.
The Senate Intelligence Committee’s 2006 postwar report concluded that postwar information supported prewar assessments “that there was no credible information that Iraq was complicit in or had foreknowledge of the September 11 attacks or any other al-Qa’ida strike.” It found Saddam Hussein “distrustful of al-Qa’ida” and that he refused its requests for help. [1]
The most cited lead was a Czech report that Mohamed Atta met the Iraqi intelligence officer Ahmed al-Ani in Prague in 2001. The committee found postwar evidence confirmed “no such meeting occurred”; al-Ani said he had never heard of Atta until after 9/11. [1] The 9/11 Commission had also doubted it. [2]
In September 2003 President Bush said, “We’ve had no evidence that Saddam Hussein was involved with the September 11th,” while maintaining Saddam had al Qaeda ties. [3] Weeks earlier, a poll found 69% of Americans thought it likely Saddam was personally involved. [4]
What we can’t tell you. The Senate report’s scanned text was read by OCR.
Its postwar findings say Saddam was distrustful of al Qaeda and refused its requests for support. Postwar findings (Conclusion 7; scanned, read by OCR): no credible information that Iraq was complicit in or had foreknowledge of 9/11; the Atta–Prague meeting did not occur; Saddam distrusted al Qaeda.
The hijackers in San Diego and Florida, Bayoumi and Thumairy, Atta’s alleged Prague trip, transit through Iran, flight schools and the final preparations.
Bush: “We’ve had no evidence that Saddam Hussein was involved with the September 11th.”
The Washington Post poll that found most Americans thought Saddam was likely involved.
The think-tank line quoted as a motive.
A September 2000 report by the Project for the New American Century said military transformation was likely to be slow “absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event – like a new Pearl Harbor.” [1] People cite it as proof of motive. In context it is a prediction about how slowly defense policy changes without a shock. It is not a plan, and it says nothing about who might cause such an event.
What we can’t tell you. A motive, even if real, is not evidence of an act.
The think-tank report with the “new Pearl Harbor” line, quoted in full context.
WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS FILE
5 claims people make about this file, each rated documented, partly true, disputed, unproven or false. Think a rating is wrong? Use Dispute or Support, or join the Discussion.
A poll weeks before Bush’s statement found 69% thought it likely.
Who says it: The poll.
Brown’s Costs of War project estimates more than 940,000 direct violent deaths.
Who says it: Costs of War.
The line is real, but in context it predicts that change would be slow without a shock. It is not a plan.
Who says it: Theorists.
The Senate Intelligence Committee found no credible information Iraq was involved; Bush said there was no evidence.
Who says it: Polls in 2003 found many believed it.
The Senate committee found postwar evidence confirmed “no such meeting occurred.”
Who says it: Some U.S. officials in 2001–02.
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