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Israel and the Dimona reactor

Kennedy pressed Israel hard for nuclear inspections. Did that get him killed?

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The letters

What Kennedy demanded and what Israel gave.

Kennedy wanted twice-yearly U.S. visits to Dimona to confirm it was not making weapons. U.S. intelligence estimated that by the mid-1960s the reactor could produce enough plutonium for “one or two weapons a year.” [1]

His letter of 15 June 1963 warned that U.S. “commitment and support” could be “seriously jeopardized” without satisfactory visits. Ben-Gurion resigned the same day and the letter was never formally delivered. A nearly identical letter went to Levi Eshkol on 5 July. Eshkol took seven weeks to answer, and on 19 August agreed to visits. Kennedy thanked him on 26 August. [1][2]

What we can’t tell you. The dispute was settled, at least on paper, three months before Dallas.

The sources

  1. National Security Archive: “The battle of the letters, 1963” on Dimona ↗

    Kennedy’s pressure on Ben-Gurion and Eshkol for inspections.

  2. FRUS 1961–63 vol. XVIII, doc. 319: Kennedy to Eshkol, 26 August 1963 ↗

    Kennedy welcomes Israel’s agreement to visits.

What happened after Dallas

The inspections went ahead.

The first inspection took place in January 1964, possibly delayed by the assassination. Six annual visits followed through 1969, when Nixon ended them. Johnson was less eager to confront the Israelis but was worried about proliferation and supported the inspections. [1][2]

Israel made its nuclear breakthrough in the 1960s regardless; the National Security Archive concludes the inspections had little deterrent effect. [1]

What we can’t tell you. The motive argument assumes Kennedy would have pushed further than Johnson did. The record shows the policy carried on.

The sources

  1. National Security Archive: “The battle of the letters, 1963” on Dimona ↗

    Kennedy’s pressure on Ben-Gurion and Eshkol for inspections.

  2. National Security Archive: Dimona and later U.S. policy ↗

    The inspections that continued under Johnson.

The theory

Where it comes from and what supports it.

The theory rests on timing and motive: a hard-line president pressing Israel on its most secret program, then killed. It has no documentary support: no investigation, including the House committee, found any evidence of Israeli involvement, and the letters show the inspection dispute had been resolved by agreement in August. [1][2]

What we can’t tell you. Timing and motive are all the theory has. The record shows the dispute was being settled, not escalating.

The sources

  1. National Security Archive: “The battle of the letters, 1963” on Dimona ↗

    Kennedy’s pressure on Ben-Gurion and Eshkol for inspections.

  2. HSCA final report, part I-C: conspiracy findings ↗

    Soviet, Cuban, anti-Castro, organized-crime and agency allegations, one by one.

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS FILE

The claims, rated.

2 claims people make about this file, each rated documented, partly true, disputed, unproven or false. Think a rating is wrong? Use Dispute or Support, or join the Discussion.

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