COMPLETE STATIC READING EDITION

Did ABSCAM target Black officials?

The claim, the 1988 affidavit behind it and what ABSCAM’s record shows.

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The strongest version, and where it comes from

The claim is real, older than ABSCAM, and mostly about something else.

The FBI’s history with Black leaders is not a theory. COINTELPRO targeted Martin Luther King Jr. and others, and that history is documented in the Church Committee reports. So when Black elected officials in the 1980s said they were investigated more often than white ones, many listened. [1]

In 1988 Hirsch Friedman, an Atlanta lawyer who had worked as an FBI informant, signed an affidavit saying agents had told him of an unwritten policy, which he called “Fruehmenschen,” of routinely investigating Black officials on the assumption that they were unfit to govern. Representative Mervyn Dymally of California placed it in the Congressional Record. A 1998 peer-reviewed study discusses it in detail. [1]

ABSCAM also raised a different ethnic objection. Critics, including former Senator James Abourezk, argued that the robed-sheikh fiction played on ugly stereotypes about Arabs. The FBI replied that the name came from Abdul Enterprises and denied any racial motive. [2]

What we can’t tell you. The affidavit is an allegation and the FBI denied it. It concerns the 1980s, not ABSCAM.

The sources

  1. Journal of Black Studies 28:5 (1998): case study of the Arrington prosecution and the “Fruehmenschen” allegation ↗

    Peer-reviewed academic article; reports the 1988 Hirsch Friedman affidavit and the claim of a policy aimed at Black officials. The affidavit is an allegation, and it concerns the late 1980s, not ABSCAM.

  2. Perspectives, Winter–Spring 1983 — James Abourezk essay and Oliver Revell FBI rebuttal, printed pp. 27–31 ↗

    A magazine published by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights carrying attributed viewpoints: Abourezk’s Speaking Out essay and the FBI response. These are not described as adjudicated facts or a formal Commission finding of racism.

What ABSCAM’s record shows

The defendants, the middlemen and the approvals.

The seven members of Congress convicted were Williams, Myers, Lederer, Thompson, Murphy, Jenrette and Kelly. All were white. [1][3]

The Senate committee examined how every target was chosen, through middlemen and approvals, and its report does not suggest race played a part. We found no record that a Black member of Congress was approved for a bribe meeting. [2]

So the claim, as applied to ABSCAM, does not fit the record. That does not answer the broader question about the 1980s, which this site rates separately and leaves unproven.

What we can’t tell you. Some committee material identifying uncharged officials is redacted; the conclusion rests on the defendants and the public approvals record.

The sources

  1. DOJ Public Integrity Section, Significant Cases (ABSCAM entries and Operation Lost Trust) ↗

    Prosecutor’s institutional summary. Contains at least one date typo (Lederer resignation printed as 1991; correct year 1981). Cross-checked against court and House records.

  2. Senate Report 97-682, Part on selection of subjects and the “Republicans” requests (printed pp. 60–80) ↗

    Primary. Records the September 18 and October 9, 1979 recorded requests for Republican and non-Atlantic targets and the committee’s conclusion that no predicate existed for them.

  3. Senate Report 97-682, Appendix G: House Judiciary subcommittee summaries of the ABSCAM trials ↗

    Primary appendix compiling indictment, trial, verdict and sentencing dates for Jenrette, Myers, Kelly, Thompson–Murphy, Lederer and Williams. Some sentencing details postdate it and are taken from later sources.

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS FILE

The claims, rated.

3 claims people make about this file, each rated documented, partly true, disputed, unproven or false. Think a rating is wrong? Use Dispute or Support, or join the Discussion.

All 97 rated claims ↗

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Discussion

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