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Could the hijackers fly those planes?

Hani Hanjour, the flight schools and the Pentagon turn

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Hanjour’s record

A poor student who kept going.

The Commission does not hide Hanjour’s weaknesses. In late 2000 an instructor at his old Arizona school advised him to quit multi-engine training because his English was not good enough. In early 2001 an instructor on a Boeing 737 simulator found his work “well below standard” and discouraged him; he completed the course anyway. [1] An FBI memo quoted another instructor calling him “a terrible pilot.” [2]

In the summer of 2001 he flew the Hudson Corridor, a low-altitude route past the World Trade Center, at a New Jersey school, but the instructor declined a second request. [3]

What we can’t tell you. What exactly the hijackers practiced on flight simulator software or in other unrecorded sessions is unknown.

The sources

  1. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 5: Al Qaeda Aims at the American Homeland ↗

    KSM’s planes operation, the selection of the hijackers, financing, and the finding of no evidence that the Saudi government as an institution or senior officials individually funded al Qaeda.

  2. 9/11 Commission Report: endnotes ↗

    The notes carry many of the report’s most specific findings, including the put-options trading, the phone-call records and the Vigilant Guardian exercise.

  3. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 7: The Attack Looms ↗

    The hijackers in San Diego and Florida, Bayoumi and Thumairy, Atta’s alleged Prague trip, transit through Iran, flight schools and the final preparations.

What the flying required

Turning, diving and hitting a building the size of the Pentagon.

Flight 77 was taken over at cruising altitude, with the autopilot available. The final approach, as recorded, was a wide descending turn followed by a full-power dive. The plane hit the ground floor nearly level at about 460 knots. [1][2]

Skeptics, including pilots in the Pilots for 9/11 Truth group, say an amateur could not have held a 757 that low at that speed. Others point out that no landing was attempted, the Pentagon’s west face alone is hundreds of feet long, and the plane was recorded clipping light poles on the way in. The Commission treats the pilots’ training, including simulator time on large jets, as enough for what they did. [3]

What we can’t tell you. There is no independent flight-simulation study of the final approach in the public record that we could verify.

The sources

  1. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 1: “We Have Some Planes” ↗

    The minute-by-minute account of the four flights and of the FAA and NORAD response, including the 10:03:11 crash time of United 93 and when the shootdown order reached the pilots.

  2. ASCE (Mlakar et al.), January 2003: The Pentagon Building Performance Report (NIST copy) ↗

    Engineers’ study of the damage path from Flight 77 through the building.

  3. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 5: Al Qaeda Aims at the American Homeland ↗

    KSM’s planes operation, the selection of the hijackers, financing, and the finding of no evidence that the Saudi government as an institution or senior officials individually funded al Qaeda.

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