The warnings

What the CIA knew about two hijackers

Hazmi, Mihdhar, a cable that was never sent and the recruitment theory

9/11 Commission staff statement on terrorist entry and travel; contemporary document, not the final identity directory.
U.S. government publication · Source & image context ↗

RECORD / AT A GLANCE

Documented

The failure is documented by the Justice Department inspector general and the 9/11 Commission. Why it happened is not: the officials involved said they could not remember. The claim that the CIA held back because it was trying to recruit the two men rests on the accounts of former FBI officials in a 2021 court filing and is unproven.

THE EVENTS / THE INVESTIGATION / THE STORY

The chronology.

READ THE FILE

Evidence & assessment.

Open an article for its evidence, labeled AI assessment and numbered sources. Read the complete static edition ↗

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS FILE

The claims, rated.

5 claims people make about this file, each rated documented, partly true, disputed, unproven or false. Think a rating is wrong? Use Dispute or Support, or join the Discussion.

DOCUMENTED Warnings & intelligence failures

“The CIA knew two hijackers were in the U.S. and did not tell the FBI in time.”

The inspector general and the Commission documented the failure, including a report on Mihdhar’s visa that was held back.

Who says it: DOJ inspector general; 9/11 Commission.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

DOCUMENTED Warnings & intelligence failures

“The two hijackers were watchlisted only weeks before 9/11.”

The INS told the FBI on 22 August 2001 that both had entered the country; the search began too late.

Who says it: DOJ inspector general; 9/11 Commission.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

UNPROVEN Warnings & intelligence failures

“The CIA withheld the information because it was trying to recruit the two hijackers.”

Former FBI officials gave that opinion in a 2021 defense filing. No released document supports it.

Who says it: Former FBI officials quoted in the Canestraro declaration.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

All 162 rated claims ↗

OPEN THE RECORD

Sources & limits.

Numbered citations in each article identify the relevant sources. These records have different purposes and evidentiary weight.

  1. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 11: Foresight—and Hindsight ↗

    The Commission’s judgment of failures of imagination, policy, capabilities and management, and its list of operational opportunities missed.

  2. DOJ Inspector General: Hazmi and Mihdhar ↗

    The CIA’s failure to tell the FBI that Mihdhar had a US visa and that Hazmi had entered the country.

  3. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 8: “The System Was Blinking Red” ↗

    The summer 2001 threat reporting, the 6 August PDB, the Phoenix memo, Moussaoui and the missed chances on Hazmi and Mihdhar.

  4. Declaration of Donald C. Canestraro, 20 July 2021 (Wikisource transcription) ↗

    A military-commissions investigator summarizes FBI sources, CS-3 and CS-16, who believed the CIA had tried to recruit Hazmi and Mihdhar through Saudi intelligence. Transcribed from the court filing.

  5. 9/11 Commission Report, chapter 7: The Attack Looms ↗

    The hijackers in San Diego and Florida, Bayoumi and Thumairy, Atta’s alleged Prague trip, transit through Iran, flight schools and the final preparations.

← The 9/11 hub: the story, the full timeline and every file

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