The Zapruder film ran at 18.3 frames a second, which turns it into a clock. FBI tests showed Oswald’s bolt-action Carcano needed at least 2.3 seconds, about 42 frames, between aimed shots. The Commission placed the shot through Kennedy’s neck between frames 210 and 225, when a road sign blocked Zapruder’s view, and the fatal head shot at frame 313. [1]
Connally appears to react later than Kennedy. The House committee’s photographic panel put his visible reaction about a second after the president’s. If he had been hit by a separate bullet that soon, the rifle could not have fired both. Either one bullet hit both men, or a second rifle fired. [2][3]
The House committee also found a blur pattern in the film around frames 189 to 197 and placed the first hit on Kennedy near frame 190, earlier than the Commission had. That still left Connally’s reaction too close behind for two shots from one rifle. [2]
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