“I have never spoken to my son about his business”

OPEN THE RECORD

Sources & limits.

Numbered citations in each article identify the relevant sources. These records have different purposes and evidentiary weight.

1. Daily Beast, September 2019: Joe Biden: “I’ve never spoken to my son about his overseas business dealings” ↗

   The Iowa remark later contrasted with testimony about speakerphone calls.

2. Devon Archer interview, July 31, 2023 ↗

   Primary transcript, especially pages 24–36, 101–108 and 124–126. Archer describes his recollections and understanding; distinguish what he heard directly from what he inferred.

3. FactCheck.org: Republicans oversell Archer’s testimony, August 2023 ↗

   Secondary comparison of specific claims with transcript passages, linked for readers to inspect the reasoning rather than accept a label.

4. Hunter Biden deposition, February 28, 2024 ↗

   Primary congressional transcript; Hunter’s explanations and denials are attributed testimony, not independent findings. Relevant pages include 21–34, 81–84, 104–106, 116–118 and 145–146. Questions can contain contested premises.

5. Tony Bobulinski, written statement to the House impeachment inquiry, February 2024 ↗

   His account of the Sinohawk venture and his two meetings with Joe Biden in Los Angeles on 2 May 2017.

6. AP, July 2019: Bidens earned more than $15 million in two years after leaving office ↗

   Reports AGI of $11.04 million (2017) and $4.58 million (2018), mostly through S corporations CelticCapri and Giacoppa. Blocks scripted fetches; confirmed by search.

7. ABC News (Good Morning America), July 2019: Joe and Jill Biden reported earning $15 million after leaving office ↗

   Book, speech and teaching income, 2017–2018.

8. Los Angeles Times, 29 September 2020: Biden releases 2019 tax returns ahead of debate ↗

   The 2019 return, with adjusted gross income of $985,233.