Residence Act bargain

Congress authorizes the presidential residence.
The Residence Act of 1790 authorized commissioners to provide suitable buildings for the President — the starting point Leon uses for congressional stewardship. [1] [2]
Hoban wins the design competition; Adams moves into an unfinished house in 1800. [2]
Bottom line History
The house begins as a congressional project.
What the record can’t settle
Does not freeze later statutes.
Sources
- Residence Act of 1790, 1 Stat. 130 Early statute authorizing suitable buildings for the President; cited in Leon’s background on congressional stewardship.
- Memorandum Opinion, National Trust v. NPS (D.D.C. Mar. 31, 2026) (Leon, J.) Primary PI opinion: steward-not-owner; no statute comes close; Jul 31 2025 announcement (~90k sq ft; patriot donors); Oct 23 2025 East Wing demolished; later ~89k sq ft / ~$400M.















