Elections

January 6 and the second impeachment

The speech, the riot, the 187 minutes, the pardons and the stories that grew up afterward

The initial Capitol breach on January 6, 2021, recorded by a security camera.
U.S. Capitol Police · Source & image context ↗

RECORD / AT A GLANCE

Riot documented / acquitted / federal case dropped / about 1,500 pardoned

The core facts are not in dispute: Trump urged supporters to march, a mob attacked the Capitol and about 140 police officers were injured, and he waited hours before telling people to go home. The best-known alternative explanations, that the FBI staged it or that Pelosi turned down his troops, are not supported by the evidence.

THE EVENTS / THE INVESTIGATION / THE STORY

The chronology.

READ THE FILE

Evidence & assessment.

Open an article for its evidence, labeled AI assessment and numbered sources. Read the complete static edition ↗

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS FILE

The claims, rated.

12 claims people make about this file, each rated documented, partly true, disputed, unproven or false. Think a rating is wrong? Use Dispute or Support, or join the Discussion.

DOCUMENTED 2020 & January 6

“Trump waited hours before telling rioters to go home.”

His video came at 4:17 p.m.; at 2:24 p.m. he tweeted that Pence lacked courage.

Who says it: The House committee, Republican White House witnesses.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

DOCUMENTED 2020 & January 6

“Trump pardoned people convicted of assaulting police.”

The 20 January 2025 order pardoned about 1,500 people and commuted 14 sentences; AP found police-assault convicts among them.

Who says it: Critics, AP.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

PARTLY TRUE 2020 & January 6

“Pelosi admitted responsibility for January 6 on video.”

She said “we take responsibility for not having more protection” about Capitol security. It is not an admission she refused troops.

Who says it: Trump allies.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

DISPUTED 2020 & January 6

“Trump lunged for the steering wheel to get to the Capitol.”

Hutchinson relayed it second-hand; the driver told investigators it did not happen. That he wanted to go is well supported.

Who says it: Cassidy Hutchinson’s testimony.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

FALSE 2020 & January 6

“The Supreme Court ruled Trump engaged in insurrection.”

It ruled only that states cannot enforce the 14th Amendment’s insurrection clause against presidential candidates without Congress. It did not decide the question.

Who says it: Some commentators.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

FALSE 2020 & January 6

“The Senate cleared Trump of inciting January 6.”

He was acquitted; 57 senators, including seven Republicans, voted to convict, short of 67. Several who acquitted said he had left office.

Who says it: Trump allies.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

FALSE 2020 & January 6

“The FBI planned and staged January 6.”

The inspector general found 26 FBI sources in the city, three tasked to be there, none authorized to break the law or encourage it.

Who says it: Online posts, some lawmakers.

The evidence in this file ↗ · On the full claims board ↗

All 137 rated claims ↗

OPEN THE RECORD

Sources & limits.

Numbered citations in each article identify the relevant sources. These records have different purposes and evidentiary weight.

  1. House January 6 Committee final report, Chapter 7: presidential actions during the attack ↗

    Congressional findings, not a criminal verdict; Chapters 2 and 7 belong to one report.

  2. Trump v. BBC: complaint reproducing speech excerpts and the BBC's correction (December 15, 2025) ↗

    Plaintiff's allegations, with a reproduced BBC correction; filing a complaint does not prove its charges of intentional malice.

  3. Senate roll call: second Trump impeachment, 57–43 vote (February 13, 2021) ↗

    Official vote: a majority voted guilty but the constitutionally required two-thirds threshold was not reached.

  4. Supreme Court: Trump v. Anderson, 4 Mar 2024 ↗

    The unanimous ruling that states cannot keep a presidential candidate off the ballot under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment without action by Congress.

  5. DOJ Inspector General: The FBI’s handling of its confidential human sources and intelligence before January 6, Dec 2024 ↗

    The watchdog’s count of FBI informants in Washington that day and what they were told to do.

  6. AP: Ray Epps gets a year of probation for his Capitol riot role, 9 Jan 2024 ↗

    Wire report on the sentence and prosecutors’ statement that he was never an FBI source.

  7. PolitiFact: No proof Trump requested 10,000 Guard troops for Jan. 6 or that Pelosi denied it, 2 Mar 2021 ↗

    Fact check using Pentagon and Capitol Police testimony.

  8. PolitiFact: No evidence Pelosi rejected Trump’s authorization of 10,000 troops, 13 Jun 2022 ↗

    Fact check of the Hannity version of the claim; notes the speaker does not command the Guard.

  9. PolitiFact: Claim Pelosi “takes responsibility” for not calling the Guard, 13 Jun 2024 ↗

    Puts the HBO footage of Pelosi in context.

  10. ABC News: Trump’s Jan. 6 driver contradicted Hutchinson account, GOP report says, Mar 2024 ↗

    Report on the House Administration subcommittee release of the driver’s transcribed interview.

  11. The Guardian: House Republicans’ report contradicts witness account of Trump’s wheel-grab, 11 Mar 2024 ↗

    Independent account of the same release.

  12. Settlement stipulation, Estate of Ashli Babbitt v. United States (published by Judicial Watch), 2025 ↗

    The signed settlement document: $4,975,000, with no admission of liability.

  13. AP: U.S. to pay nearly $5 million to Ashli Babbitt’s family, 2025 ↗

    Wire report noting the settlement admits no liability.

  14. White House: Proclamation granting pardons and commutations for January 6 offenses, 20 Jan 2025 ↗

    The text of the clemency order: 14 named commutations, pardons for everyone else convicted.

  15. AP — Clemency includes people convicted of violent attacks, January 21, 2025 ↗

    Original official record or reporting identified by date in its title; read the linked source for its full scope.

  16. Special Counsel Jack Smith: election-case final report, Volume I (January 2025) ↗

    Prosecutor's account and charging assessment. Read the dismissal explanation around printed page 137; Trump was never tried in this case.

  17. Supreme Court: Trump v. United States (July 1, 2024) ↗

    The controlling Supreme Court decision separates core constitutional acts, other official conduct and unofficial acts; it does not find disputed events never happened.

  18. NBC News: Roughly 1,500 Capitol riot defendants pardoned, 20 Jan 2025 ↗

    Contemporaneous count of those covered.

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