LEGACY & FURTHER READING

What the record leaves us with

An unexecuted plan can still be a serious abuse of the planning process.

Kennedy and the Executive Committee of the National Security Council, October 29, 1962—seven months after Northwoods. Missile-crisis context, not a Northwoods planning meeting.
Cecil W. Stoughton / JFK Library · Source & image context ↗

RECORD / AT A GLANCE

SERIOUS AND BOUNDED

Senior officials proposed manufacturing a basis for war. The record supports condemning the proposal while preserving the fact that it was not implemented.

THE EVENTS / THE INVESTIGATION / THE STORY

The chronology.

READ THE FILE

Evidence & assessment.

Open an article for its evidence, labeled AI assessment and numbered sources. Read the complete static edition ↗

OPEN THE RECORD

Sources & limits.

Numbered citations in each article identify the relevant sources. These records have different purposes and evidentiary weight.

  1. Joint Chiefs of Staff, signed Northwoods submission and annex, March 13, 1962 (15-page PDF) ↗

    The central primary source. Read the signed cover, planning status, draft appendix and numbered annex together. This scan is 15 PDF pages; printed annex page numbers differ. An authentic proposal does not establish execution.

  2. FRUS, Document 314: Mongoose guidelines, March 14, and March 16 presidential discussion note ↗

    Primary guidelines with an editorial footnote reproducing U. Alexis Johnson’s March 16 covering note. It records no approval of overt American force; it is not a transcript of a personal Northwoods veto.

  3. JFK Library: October 27, 1962, evening ExComm meeting, invasion preparations ↗

    Contemporary minutes show that invasion preparations were discussed in the actual October missile crisis; these were distinct circumstances from the March proposal.

  4. National Archives media advisory, November 17, 1997: November 18 release of Cuba-policy military records ↗

    Contemporary release notice establishes a public opening in November 1997 of the relevant military Cuba-policy collection. The notice describes the group, not an item-by-item Northwoods transcription.